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Interventions to help obese children conquer their diet and weight problems work best when the families live near a supermarket, according to a Canadian study. The researchers analyzed data from a randomized, controlled clinical trial involving children aged six to 12 in 14 pediatric practices in one state. The study compared the results of two different interventions that focused on the type of support provided to the families by the physicians. Though living closer to a supermarket did not affect consumption of sugary drinks, it did help increase the intake of fruits and vegetables. Kids who lived farther away also had larger body mass indexes.
"Proximity to Supermarkets Modifies Intervention Effects on Diet and Body Mass Index Changes in an Obesity Randomized Trial", Study presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) annual meeting, May 03, 2014
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A U.S. study finds that smokers worry about gaining weight after quitting, whether or not they sought treatment, if they had tried quitting in the past and ended up gaining weight. On average, smokers who quit gain between eight and 14 pounds. This phenomenon often keeps smokers from quitting. For the study researchers questioned 186 smokers who had sought treatment to quit. They also questioned 102 smokers who avoided treatment. All were asked about weight gain during past attempts to quit and whether gaining weight was a concern. They found that smokers who sought treatment were equally concerned about gaining weight as the smokers who avoided treatment.
"Once bitten, twice shy: concern about gaining weight after smoking cessation and its association with seeking treatment. ", International Journal of Clinical Practice, May 01, 2014
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Forty years ago two Danish scientists suggested that a whale and seal blubber diet protected the Inuit of Greenland from coronary artery disease. Nutritionists and physicians have relied on those findings in recommending oily fish to protect arteries. But a new Canadian study that looked at data from four decades of research shows that the Inuit actually did suffer from coronary artery disease (CAD), but it was underreported to medical authorities because of the difficulty of collecting health information from people in remote areas. The new investigation shows that the Inuit not only are just as likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease as non-Inuits, but they have very high rates of mortality due to strokes.
"“Fishing” for the origins of the “Eskimos and heart disease” story. Facts or wishful thinking? A review", Canadian Journal of Cardiology, May 01, 2014
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An edible, tasteless, transparent polymer film derived from a fungus might provide at least part of a solution to the problem of foodborne pathogens in the meat and poultry industries. U.S. researchers tested whether polymer films made from pullulan and permeated with essential oils derived from rosemary, oregano and zinc oxide or silver nanoparticles protected meats from harmful microbes. They found that meats vacuum-wrapped with the films not only killed germs already on the meats, but they protected the meats from further microbial incursions. The next step is to figure out how to “co-extrude” the antimicrobial films with conventional plastic films to combine the oxygen barrier of the plastic with the antimicrobial properties of the edible film.
"Incorporation of Essential Oils and Nanoparticles in Pullulan Films to Control Foodborne Pathogens on Meat and Poultry Products. ", Journal of Food Science, May 01, 2014
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Danish research shows that meals supplemented with whey protein could help improve metabolism for people who are obese but not yet diabetic. For the study, participants ate the same meal of soup and bread plus one kind of protein: whey, gluten, casein or cod. They found that the meal supplemented with whey, which is found in milk and cheese, caused stomachs to empty more slowly. They also had lower levels of fatty acids in their blood after meals and higher amounts of the types of amino acids that boost insulin, which keeps blood sugar levels where they’re supposed to be.
"Whey Protein Delays Gastric Emptying and Suppresses Plasma Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites Compared to Casein, Gluten, and Fish Protein. ", Journal of Proteome Research, April 30, 2014
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Researchers in the U.K. have discovered a molecule that may explain why eating high-fiber fruits and vegetables curbs the appetite. Dietary fiber, found in most plants and vegetables, is digested by bacteria in the intestines, where it ferments and releases large amounts of acetate into the bloodstream. Researchers tracked the acetate as it made its way to the brain. On arrival in the hyothalamus, the acetate produces a signal that suppresses the appetite. The researchers said their findings could be helpful in treating obesity if they could figure out either how to deliver acetate to the brain in safe doses, or how to manipulate fiber so that smaller amounts would release larger amounts of acetate.
"The short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite via a central homeostatic mechanism. ", Nature Communications, April 30, 2014
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Highly stressed people who consume a high-fat, high-sugar diet tend to be more at risk for serious health problems than less stressed people who indulge in the same unhealthy diet, a new U.S. study finds. Researchers followed 61 healthy women, 33 of whom were chronically stressed from caring for a spouse or parent with dementia. The women reported their consumption of high sugar, high fat foods for a year. The researchers evaluated key biological markers associated with elevated metabolic risk. More frequent high-fat, high-sugar eating significantly predicted a larger waistline, more truncal fat, higher oxidative damage, and more insulin resistance among the stressed-out women. These women also had higher levels of a stress-related biomarker, peripheral Neuropeptide Y.
" Chronic Stress Increases Vulnerability to Diet-Related Abdominal Fat, Oxidative Stress, and Metabolic Risk. ", Psychoneuroendocrinology, April 29, 2014
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Starting – and failing at – dieting is a familiar experience for the seven of ten Americans who are overweight or obese. Now a U.S. researcher reports that information technology generally, and smartphones and their treasure trove of apps in particular, are helping to improve that situation. The weight loss strategies embraced by the apps have been around a long time. But the apps repackage the good advice and put helpful tools like exercise logs and nutritional databases at dieters’ fingertips. Self-monitoring is the key to weight loss, according to Cheryl Shigaki, and that is much easier to do with hand-held information technology. Feedback on weight loss progress is an effective motivator that also permits better evaluation of health behaviors.
"Successful weight loss: how information technology is used to lose", Telemedicine and e-Health, April 29, 2014
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Cognitive impairment among the world’s aging population is already a serious problem, and is expected to get worse: 100 million cases by 2050, up from 36.5 million now. In a study of 245 people over 65 that looked beyond genetic factors to lifestyles (e.g., exercise, intellectual stimulation, etc.) associated with cognitive impairment, researchers in Spain found that sleeping fewer than six hours, or more than eight hours, nearly triples the risk of cognitive impairment. Chronic insomnia and daytime sleepiness are therefore risk factors associated with dementia. Likewise, seniors who do not read at all are 3.7 times more likely to suffer from cognitive impairment, while those who read only occasionally are 2.5 times more likely.
"Estilos de vida asociados a deterioro cognitivo. ", Revista de Investigación Clínica, April 29, 2014
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Amway is launching a global initiative to fight childhood malnutrition using its Nutrilite Little Bits nutrient powder packets. Each one-gram packet contains 15 vitamins and minerals. The Power of 5 campaign will organize efforts to deliver the packets supporting healthy growth and development to needy children aged six months to five years old around the world. Nongovernmental organizations like CARE, local humanitarian groups, as well as Amway business owners, are all participating. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), seven million children under age five die each year from preventable causes; malnutrition is the underlying cause of 45 percent of the deaths.
"Amway Launches Global Effort to Fight Childhood Malnutrition", News release, Yahoo Finance, April 28, 2014
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A U.S. study presented at a recent scientific meeting makes the case that a regular dietary regimen of tart cherry juice effectively combats insomnia, a disorder that has been linked to higher levels of chronic pain, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and dementia in older people. In a small clinical trial, seven insomniacs whose average age was 68 drank eight ounces of tart cherry juice twice daily for two weeks. A two-week washout period followed, then two weeks when they drank another beverage. The people were monitored and completed questionnaires. Those who drank the Montmorency tart cherry juice in the morning and at night slept an hour longer each night (averaging 84 minutes) and their sleep was more efficient.
"Study: Tart Cherry Juice Increases Sleep Time In Adults With Insomnia", News release, Cherry Marketing Institute, April 28, 2014
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A U.S. study comparing statin drug users in 2000 and 2010 found the recent group eating more calories and fat, thereby undermining therapeutic effect of the drugs. The data suggested to researchers that taking statins to lower cholesterol gave patients a “false sense of security” that led to greater body mass index levels and a greater risk of heart disease and other obesity-related health problems. Analyzing data from national health surveys conducted ten years apart, the researchers found that caloric intake among statin users rose 9.6 percent over the decade, and fat consumption rose 14.4 percent. Eating more fat, especially saturated fat, leads to higher cholesterol levels that undermine the purpose of taking statins.
"Different Time Trends of Caloric and Fat Intake Between Statin Users and Nonusers Among US Adults. ", JAMA Internal Medicine, April 28, 2014
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A group of 895 seniors who were given cognitive tests (i.e., memory, attention, organization and planning, etc.) were also asked how much omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) they ate in the form of seafood. The intake, mostly from canned tuna, was low. Dietary guidelines recommend eight or more ounces of seafood a week, but only 27 percent met or exceeded that level. Comparing omega-3 intake and test results after a two-year follow-up, U.S. researchers said those who ate the smallest amounts were the most likely to experience cognitive decline during the study period. The researchers concluded that intake of fatty fish such as salmon, tuna and trout certainly has health benefits, and may help prevent cognitive decline.
"Diet can predict cognitive decline, researchers say", News release, study presented at the Experimental Biology 2014 meeting, April 27, 2014
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A new U.S. study finds that the source of supplemental protein is as important as the quantity and other factors in building lean muscle mass. The randomized clinical trial with 16 healthy adults aged 19 to 30 tested the impact of a soy-dairy protein drink compared to a single (whey isolate) protein drink. Muscle biopsies were taken at the start and after five hours of resistance exercise. The soy-dairy blend (soy, caseinate and whey) increased amino acid delivery for an hour longer than whey alone. The blend also sustained a greater positive amino acid balance, suggesting that there was less muscle protein breakdown right after the drink was consumed.
"Soy-Dairy Protein Blend and Whey Protein Ingestion After Resistance Exercise Increases Amino Acid Transport and Transporter Expression in Human Skeletal Muscle. ", Journal of Applied Physiology, April 25, 2014
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Children who participate in organized youth sports like baseball usually benefit from the increased physical activity, social interaction and other positive health behaviors. But they are also increasing their risk for being overweight or obese because of the constant exposure to junk food, U.S. researchers report. The observational study tracked foods consumed by players (boys ages 8 to 12) and family members during 12 games at a youth baseball field in North Carolina. Most of the snacks provided at concession stands were high-calorie food items like French fries, candy and cookies. Most beverages were sugar-sweetened. The findings suggest that Little Leaguers may be leaving the ball park having consumed more calories than they expended.
"The Food Environment of Youth Baseball. Childhood Obesity", Childhood Obesity, April 24, 2014
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U.S. researchers who wanted to see how changes in consumption of coffee and tea over time affect the risk of type 2 diabetes found some interesting connections in their analysis of three studies involving more than 100,000 people. Increasing coffee consumption by an average of 1.5 cups a day over four years reduced the risk of type 2 diabetes by 11 percent. Those who drank the most coffee (three or more cups a day) had a 37 percent lower risk than those who drank only one cup or less a day. The researchers could not find any link between changes in tea consumption and type 2 diabetes risk.
"Changes in coffee intake and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes: three large cohorts of US men and women. ", Diabetologia, April 24, 2014
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People who participate in community-based structured weight loss programs lose more weight on average than those who go it alone, a University of California, San Diego, study has determined. The clinical trial enrolled 227 overweight men and women with type 2 diabetes, half of whom received diabetes self-management education, weight counseling, portioned-controlled food (Jenny Craig), a planned menu and one-on-one counseling. The control group received counseling on diabetes care and weight loss. After six months, 72 percent on the weight loss program that included portion-controlled foods and personalized counseling were able to change their insulin use compared to eight percent of the control group. They also experienced 8.2 percent weight loss, compared to 2.5 percent.
"Weight Loss, Glycemic Control, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Response to Differential Diet Composition in a Weight Loss Program in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ", Diabetes Care, April 23, 2014
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Austrian researchers have found that phosphate, found naturally in foods and used extensively in food processing, may be contributing to high blood pressure. The researchers showed that the hormone FGF23 is produced when large amounts of phosphates are consumed. The hormone, which controls renal secretion and reabsorption of sodium, has a negative effect on the cardiovascular system by increasing stress on the heart. The researchers concluded that inhibition of FGF23 or its pathway could help bring cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification under control.
"FGF23 Regulates Renal Sodium Handling and Blood Pressure. ", EMBO Molecular Medicine, May 05, 2014
A U.S. study that tested 75 college students on memory skills found that the old saw – a sound mind in a sound body – still holds true. The students were given long-term memory tests over two days. Researchers found that those who were more physically fit had better memories than those who weren’t. Fitness was tested by measuring the amount of oxygen consumed while running on a treadmill. According to the researchers, the findings attest to the adverse effects of the increasingly sedentary lifestyles of people in the U.S. and other Western cultures.
"Poorer aerobic fitness relates to reduced integrity of multiple memory systems. ", Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, May 02, 2014
Combining the cholesterol-treating drugs known as statins with the omega-3 fatty acid EPA may help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, U.S. researchers report. For the lab study, researchers used human tissue to analyze the impact of EPA and statins on the cells that line the surfaces of blood vessels. They measured the release of molecules from the endothelial cells including nitric oxide, an essential regulator of blood vessel health. They found that mixing EPA with a statin was more than 50 percent better than the statin alone in reversing endothelial damage.
"Combination of statin, omega-3 fatty acid may provide cardioprotective effects", News release, study presented at the National Lipid Association Scientific Sessions, May 01, 2014
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The Economist, May 28, 2014
Cambridge Journal, May 08, 2014
University of Copenhagen News, May 08, 2014
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, May 07, 2014
Wall Street Journal, May 06, 2014
Science Direct, May 04, 2014
MailOnline, April 29, 2014
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